http://hdl.handle.net/10142/12277 Sat, 25 May 2013 12:26:25 GMT 2013-05-25T12:26:25Z http://hdl.handle.net/10142/127929 Title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation: a treatment for smell and taste dysfunction Authors: Silas, Jonathan; Atif, Muhammad Ali; Doty, Richard Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10142/127929 2010-02-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10142/127910 Title: No evidence for specific benefit of acupuncture over vitamin B complex in treating persons with olfactory dysfunction Authors: Silas, Jonathan; Doty, Richard Wed, 01 Sep 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10142/127910 2010-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10142/127909 Title: Sex and individual differences in induced and evoked EEG measures of action observation Authors: Jonathan Silas; Joseph P. Levy; Maria Kragh Nielsen; Lance Slade; Amanda Holmes Abstract: We used two established methods for analysing the EEG response of the neurotypical adult human brain to examine the execution and observation of simple motor actions. In one, execution or observation of a button-press in response to a tone caused a decrease in the power at 8–13 Hz (“mu”) frequencies. In the other, the response preparation (or the inferred response preparation when these actions are observed in another person) was measured by the averaged response time-locked potentials measured over motor cortex – the “readiness potential”. Results indicated that the mirrored readiness potentials were bilaterally generated. We found sex differences for both measures. However, whereas females showed a greater degree of response for the mu power measure during the observation of movement only, males showed larger readiness potentials during both movement performance and observation. Both measures have been claimed to be neural correlates of mirror systems in the brain where processes responsible for actions are linked to the perception of such actions. Such mirror systems have also been implicated in higher order social cognition such as empathy. However, we found no correlations between either of our EEG measures and self-report scales of social cognition. The results imply sex differences in the measured systems and for mirroring that are not directly related to social cognition. We suggest that the results may indicate two dissociable motor mirroring systems that can be measured by induced and evoked EEG. Keywords: Mirror systems; Action observation; EEG Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10142/127909 2010-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10142/92818 Title: Differential effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the innervation of the ileum and distal colon. Authors: Belai, A; Lincoln, J; Milner, P; Burnstock, G Abstract: The effect of short-term and long-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the pattern of distribution and tissue content of adrenergic and peptidergic nerves in ileum and distal (descending) colon of the rat was examined using immunohistochemical, biochemical, and immunochemical techniques. The effect of short-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the level of noradrenaline compared with weight-restricted (starved) and untreated controls in the celiac (celiac-superior mesenteric ganglia complex) and inferior mesenteric ganglia, which supply the two regions of the intestine, was also compared. The pattern of change in the distribution of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-, substance P-, calcitonin gene-related peptide-, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive nerve fibres that was observed in the ileum from diabetic rats was not evident in the myenteric plexus of distal colon. In contrast to the ileum, there was no evidence of degenerative change in any of the nerve types investigated in the myenteric plexus of the distal colon. The level of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the diabetic rat ileum was significantly increased, whereas the level of noradrenaline was reduced; no such changes were observed in the distal colon. The tissue content of noradrenaline in the celiac ganglion, which projects to the ileum, was increased at 8-week diabetes compared with both weight-restricted and untreated controls, whereas the diabetic state had no effect on the levels of noradrenaline of the inferior mesenteric ganglion, which projects to the distal colon. It is concluded that there is a differential effect of streptozotocin-diabetes on different regions of the rat intestine. The adrenergic and peptidergic innervation of the distal colon were changed little compared with ileum. This may be explainable in terms of the different functional roles of these two regions of the intestine and/or by the difference in origin of the sympathetic nerves supplying the two regions of the intestine. Mon, 01 Apr 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10142/92818 1991-04-01T00:00:00Z